A-E F-M N-Z
AOX
Adsorbable organic halogen compounds – a collective term for the amount of chlorine or other halogens bound to organic matter in waste water.
ATFS
American Tree Farm System – a US forest certification system.
AUVA
Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks
Biofuels
Fuels derived from renewable raw materials, such as bark, black liquor or logging residuals.
Biotope
Habitat. An area that is naturally distinct as a result of its local climate, soil conditions, flora and fauna.
BOD
Biological Oxygen Demand – a measure of the amount of oxygen consumed by micro-organism in breaking down organic matter in effluent during a certain period.
CERFLOR
Sistema Brazileiro de Certificacão Florestal – a Brazilian forest certification system endorsed by PEFC.
Chain-of-custody
Certified chain-of-custody systems are used to ensure that wood comes from certified forests. They are established and audited according to rules set by the relevant forest certification system, for example PEFC or FSC.
Combined heat and power
An efficient, clean, and reliable approach to generating power and thermal energy from a common fuel source
CO2
Carbon dioxide – a gas formed during combustion and certain natural processes. Trees utilise carbon dioxide as they grow, through photosynthesis.
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand – a measure of the amount of oxygen required for the total chemical breakdown of organic substances in water.
Controlled Wood
FSC standard developed for wood without FSC forest management certification to ensure that wood in FSC-certified products is not mixed with wood from unacceptable sources.
CSA Z809
Canada's National Standard on Sustainable Forest Management – a Canadian forest certification system endorsed by PEFC.
CSR
Corporate Social Responsibility – Stora Enso's CSR principles cover issues including human rights, labour rights, ethical business practices, communications and community involvement.
De-inking
Chemical and mechanical processes used to separate inks from fibres when pulp is processed from recovered paper.
EMS
Environmental Management System
EMAS
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme – a voluntary environmental management system applicable in Europe, based on the EU EMAS Regulation.
ESIA
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment – a thorough study of the impact of an investment project on the environmental and social foundation of local communities.
FFCS
Finnish Forest Certification System – a forest certification system designed to suit local conditions in Finland, and is endorsed by the PEFC.
Forest certification
A procedure whereby an independent third party inspects forest management and utilisation practices to assess compliance with a set of ecological, economic and social standards for sustainable forestry.
Fossil fuels
Solid, liquid or gaseous fuels formed in the ground over millions of years by chemical and physical changes in plant and animal residues under high temperature and pressure, e.g. oil, natural gas and coal.
FSC
Forest Stewardship Council – an international forest certification system.
FTSE4Good Index
The FTSE4Good Index series includes socially responsible companies. FTSE is jointly owned by the London Stock Exchange and The Financial Times.
GMP
Good Manufacturing Practice – a system designed to prevent hazards in food packaging processes.
Greenhouse gases
A collective term for following gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
GRI
Global Reporting Initiative – a widely used set of guidelines for sustainability reporting.
HACCP
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point – a system designed to prevent hazards in food packaging processes.
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
ISO 14001
A global standard created for corporate environmental management systems by the International Organization for Standardization. Other ISO certifications cover issues including quality management (ISO 9001).
LCA
Life Cycle Assessment - a method for assessing the environmental impact of a product "from the cradle to the grave".
Moratorium
To abstain from procuring wood from officially confirmed or planned conservation areas or from other agreed areas, whose ecological values are being assessed.
NGO
Non-governmental organisation
Nitrogen
An element common as a gas in the atmosphere. Excessive concentrations of nitrogen compounds in water can lead to increased biological activity, through eutrophication. Nitrogen is added during the waste water treatment process to aid in the breakdown of soluble organics.
NOx
A collective term for the nitrogen oxides formed during combustion, which can contribute to the acidification of soil and water.
OHS
Occupational health and safety
OHSAS 18001
A global standard created for occupational health and safety management by the International Organization for Standardization.
PEFC
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes – an international forest certification system.
Phosphorus
Excessive concentrations of phosphorus compounds in water can lead to increased biological activity, through eutrophication. Phosphorus is added during the waste water treatment process to aid in the breakdown of soluble organics.
REACH
The EU's new regulation covering the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals.
Recovered fibre
Fibre raw material produced from recovered paper.
Recovered paper
Used paper and board collected for re-use as fibre raw material.
SFI
Sustainable Forestry Initiative® program – a North American forest certification programme endorsed by PEFC.
SFM SM
Canadian Standards Association programme for Sustainable Forest Management
SO2
Sulphur dioxide – a gas formed when fuels that contain sulphur, such as oil and coal, are burned. Sulphur dioxide contributes to the acidification of soil and water.
Sustainability
Stora Enso equates sustainability with corporate responsibility in the broades sense, including economic, environmental and social responsibility.
Traceability
The ability to trace wood from the first reception point back to its forest origin.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Measure of the amount of non-dissolved solid material present in water or waste water
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Any organic compound which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions; a precursor to ground-level ozone formation
Abbreviations and conversion table for units of measurement
TJ: Terajoule (1 000 billion joules)
GWh: Gigawatt hours (1 billion watt-hours)
TWh: Terawatt hours (1 000 billion watt-hours)
ha: Hectare (10 000 m 2 or 100x100 m)
1 million gallons = 3 785.4 cubic metres
1 short ton = 0.907 metric tonnes
1 million BTU = 1.055056 GJ
1 Great Lakes rough cord = 2.33 cubic metres of solid wood under bark (sub)
